TOEFL Exam Format — Sections, Duration, Tips & Comparison with IELTS
Are you preparing to study abroad and need to take an English proficiency test? The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is one of the most widely accepted tests by universities in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking countries. Knowing the TOEFL format can help you prepare smartly and improve your chances of success.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through the TOEFL exam format, including the structure, time limits, number of questions, scoring system, and essential tips. We’ll also compare TOEFL with IELTS to help you choose the right test for your goals.
What is the TOEFL Exam?
The TOEFL, conducted by ETS (Educational Testing Service), is a standardised test used to measure your ability to use and understand English in academic settings. It is usually taken online (TOEFL iBT), and the total duration of the test is about 2 hours (116 minutes).
It is divided into four sections:
- Reading
- Listening
- Speaking
- Writing
Each section is scored out of 30, making the total TOEFL score out of 120.
TOEFL Exam Structure & Duration
| Section | Duration | Number of Questions/Tasks | What You’ll Do |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reading | 35 minutes | 20 questions | Read 2 passages and answer questions. |
| Listening | 36 minutes | 28 questions | Listen to lectures and conversations, then answer related questions. |
| Speaking | 16 minutes | 4 tasks | Talk about familiar topics and respond to reading/listening tasks. |
| Writing | 29 minutes | 2 tasks | Write essays based on reading/listening and express opinions. |
TOEFL Reading Section
This section tests your ability to read and understand university-level academic texts. You’ll answer 20 questions based on 2 reading passages, each around 700 words long.
Types of Questions:
- Vocabulary in context
- Main idea & detail
- Inference
- Sentence placement
- Summarising
TOEFL Listening Section
The Listening section checks how well you understand spoken English in academic situations. You’ll listen to:
- 3 lectures with 6 questions each
- 2 conversations with 5 questions each
You’ll be tested on:
- Gist and details
- Speaker’s attitude
- Purpose of statements
- Logical connection between ideas
Take clear notes during each audio. Focus on main points and transitions.
TOEFL Speaking Section
You’ll respond to 4 speaking tasks in this section:
- 1 Independent Task (based on your experience or opinion)
- 3 Integrated Tasks (based on reading/listening material)
Each response is recorded and assessed based on clarity, fluency, and structure.
Speak at a steady pace. Use examples to support your answers. Don’t worry about accents—focus on clear communication.
TOEFL Writing Section
This section includes two tasks:
- Integrated Task – Read a short passage, listen to a lecture, and then write a summary.
- Academic Discussion – Share and support your opinion in response to an online classroom post.
Use simple, well-structured sentences. Plan your essay before writing. Always review for grammar and spelling mistakes.
TOEFL Practice Tests
To prepare for the TOEFL exam, you can use official practice tests from the ETS website. These mimic the real exam and are great for time management practice.
You’ll also find free TOEFL samples and tips on:
- YouTube channels
- Study abroad blogs
- Online test prep platforms
Simulate real test conditions when practising to build confidence and speed.
TOEFL vs. IELTS: Which One Should You Take?
Both TOEFL and IELTS are accepted by universities worldwide, but their formats are different.
| Feature | TOEFL | IELTS |
|---|---|---|
| Speaking | Recorded on a computer | Face-to-face with an examiner |
| Writing | Typed | Handwritten or typed (CBT) |
| Listening | American accents mostly | Mix of British, Aussie, etc. |
| Test Mode | Fully computer-based | Paper or computer-based |
| Best For | Students comfortable with computers | Students who prefer human interaction |
If you’re faster at typing and more comfortable with computers, TOEFL may be the better fit.
If you prefer speaking to a real person and hearing various accents, IELTS could suit you more.
TOEFL Exam Fees (as of 2024)
| Fee Type | Amount (USD) |
|---|---|
| Registration Fee | $195 |
| Late Registration | $40 extra |
| Rescheduling Fee | $60 |
| Additional Score Reports | $25 each |
(Note: Fees may vary slightly by country.)
FAQs about the TOEFL Exam
Q1. How long is the TOEFL valid?
TOEFL scores are valid for 2 years from your test date.
Q2. How many times can I take the TOEFL?
There’s no limit, but you can only take it once every 3 days.
Q3. What is a good TOEFL score?
A score of 90–100 is considered competitive. Top universities may require 100+.
Q4. Is TOEFL harder than IELTS?
Not necessarily. It depends on your strengths. TOEFL may be easier if you prefer computers and academic-style English, while IELTS suits those who are more confident with accents and live interaction.
Understanding the TOEFL exam format is the first step toward preparing effectively. Whether you’re aiming for a top university or meeting visa requirements, consistent practice and smart preparation will boost your chances of success.
Still confused about which test to take? Let our study abroad experts help you choose the right path based on your goals and destination country.